Shivta's colossal ruins reach back to the 1st or 2nd century BCE when the great Nabataean traders built it. It is the largest restored settlement of the six Nabataean settlements in the Negev. The Nabataeans chose this site because goods traded with the Far East and Arabia were transported from Elat through here and on to Gaza and Rafah.

While they were energetic tradesmen, the Nabataeans were even more famous as water conservationists. They set the pattern for others intent on settling in this desiccated region. Their method was to catch rainwater, and to harness the flood-waters that flow suddenly in the Negev.

They built reservoirs cut out of rock and lined with a covering of small stones and a kind of cement that pre-vented seepage. They also constructed dams, and built terraces roofs were flat and cisterns were used. The water they collected was used to irrigate their farms the produce from Shivta also maintained their strategically sited camp at Nitzana, 20 kilometres southwest.

With the Roman conquest, Shivta was used as a supply centre for the northern Negev. It flourished again under Byzantine occupation from the 4th-6th centuries when it was used to protect the Negev populations and pilgrims on their way to Mt. Sinai.

However, following the Moslem conquest, it declined and was deserted after the 14th century. It was excavated by a joint Anglo-American expedition in 1935.

The ruins include reservoirs, wine presses, Byzantine churches and residences. Be sure to see the extraordinarily well-preserved Byzantine dwelling house. It has three curved stone arches on the ceiling and a stone table and chairs in a corner. Open daily. Entrance fee.

Having visited Shivta, turn right into Road No. 211 and 16 km. later take Road No. 40 for Sede Boqer and Elat. The road passes over arid hills until you descend and see the lush orchards of Kibbutz Sede Boqer and the stark range of mountains behind them. Turn right at the crossroad and carry on to the kibbutz which is opposite you.